Wheeler Pond Dam Removal

Nestled in the heart of Berlin, Massachusetts, Wheeler Pond and North Brook have been vital to ecological and human history for centuries. Originally dammed in 1752 to power mills, the site has since become a relic of the past, with the aging Wheeler Pond Dam now classified as an unsafe structure. OARS, in partnership with the dam owner and Interfluve, is leading the removal of this obsolete dam to restore the natural flow of North Brook, reconnect critical aquatic habitats, and preserve the site’s deep cultural heritage.

Location: Pleasant Street, Berlin, MA (North Brook, a tributary to the Assabet River)
Lead Organization: OARS, in collaboration with the dam owner, Interfluve, state agencies, the Town of Berlin, and local stakeholders
Purpose: Improve public safety, restore natural hydrology, enhance fish habitat, and honor the site’s historical significance

WHY REMOVE THE WHEELER POND DAM?

The removal of the Wheeler Pond Dam is a critical step toward restoring North Brook’s natural ecosystem, eliminating public safety hazards, and preserving the site’s rich historical significance. This project will reconnect fragmented aquatic habitats, enhance biodiversity, and provide long-term climate resilience while documenting and honoring the area’s Indigenous and industrial history.

The Wheeler Pond Dam poses a major hazard due to its deteriorating structure. Removing it will eliminate the risk of catastrophic failure, mitigating potential flooding and liability concerns for the community.

Reconnecting North Brook with the Assabet River system will restore natural stream flow and improve water quality.
Coldwater habitats vital for native Eastern brook trout will be revitalized, allowing for improved fish migration and biodiversity.
Reestablishing natural sediment transport will prevent erosion and improve downstream habitats.

The site holds centuries of history, from its deep ties to the Indigenous Nipmuc people to its industrial milling past.
Archaeological investigations are being conducted to document and preserve artifacts that may emerge once the impoundment is drained.
Industrial remnants, including stone foundations and mill artifacts, will be recorded to honor Berlin’s early economic roots. Some artifacts will remain in place with signage to honor past history.

COMMUNITY AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE

The removal project aligns with regional conservation goals, enhancing floodplain functionality and climate resilience.
The restored area will provide new opportunities for outdoor recreation and environmental education.
Natural floodplain reconnection will reduce the severity of climate change-related flooding events.

SCOPE OF WORK

Restoring North Brook requires a multifaceted approach, including the careful removal of the Wheeler Pond Dam, habitat restoration, and archaeological documentation. This project will reshape the floodplain, reestablish natural water flow, and improve ecological health while preserving the site’s historical significance.

The 800-foot-long, stone-faced earthen dam will be carefully dismantled to allow North Brook to flow freely. This will restore the natural hydrology of the area and improve habitat connectivity.

12.8 acres of wetland and stream habitat will be rehabilitated through excavation, grading, and native plant restoration.
New floodplain habitats will provide breeding grounds for amphibians and waterfowl.

Over 7,500 cubic yards of sediment, accumulated over centuries, will be responsibly managed to prevent downstream pollution and ensure a clean waterway.

Given the site’s rich Native American and industrial history, the project includes archaeological monitoring to document any uncovered artifacts. Historic remnants, such as mill foundations, will be cataloged.

EXPECTED BENEFITS

The removal of Wheeler Pond Dam will have lasting environmental, cultural, and community benefits. By restoring natural river flow, reconnecting vital habitats, and preserving historical resources, this project will enhance biodiversity, safeguard cultural heritage, and create new opportunities for recreation and education.

Reconnection of vital fish habitats, particularly for coldwater species like Eastern brook trout
Restoration of natural river flow, reducing thermal pollution and improving water quality

Protection of Indigenous artifacts and sites
Documentation of the milling history of Berlin, preserving knowledge for future generations

Creating a revitalized landscape for nature walks, birdwatching, fishing, boating, and environmental education
Increasing access to a naturally flowing North Brook for future generations to enjoy

Regulatory Process & Project Approach

Ensuring the success of the Wheeler Pond Dam removal requires careful planning, permitting, and evaluation of the best approach for both ecological restoration and public safety. This section outlines the necessary regulatory steps and the alternatives considered before selecting the most effective course of action.

This project requires multiple state and federal permits, ensuring compliance with environmental and historic preservation laws, including:

Wetlands Protection Act Notice of Intent (WPA NOI)
Section 404 permit (US Army Corps of Engineers—USACE)
MassDEP 401 Water Quality Certification
Chapter 91 Waterways and Dam Safety permits
MEPA and Section 106 federal historic preservation compliance (Project Notification Form to Massachusetts Historical Commision)

No Action: Would leave the dam in disrepair, risking failure and continued environmental degradation.

Dam Repair: Would not resolve habitat fragmentation or long-term ecological concerns.

Dam Removal Alone: While eliminating safety concerns, this would not achieve full habitat restoration.

Preferred Approach: Dam removal plus ecological restoration for long-term river health and safety benefits.

This project is made possible through partnerships with state agencies, conservation groups, local stakeholders, and funding through the Massachusetts Dam and Seawall Program.

The restoration of North Brook is an opportunity to engage with the history, ecology, and future of Berlin’s waterways. OARS invites the community to stay informed and get involved.

For more information or questions or to provide feedback, please get in touch with us at (978) 369-3956 or via email at EcoRest@oars3rivers.org. We are here to assist and engage with our community every step of the way.

~30%

of the SuAsCo rivers watershed is wetlands, crucial for wildlife habitat and water quality

~30%

of water samples in the SuAsCo rivers watershed contain PFAS, leading to increased monitoring and remediation by local authorities and environmental groups

~70%

of dams in the SuAsCo watershed are over a century old, requiring extensive upkeep and presenting obstacles to river restoration and fish passage

>40%

of the land within the watershed is publicly accessible, offering recreational opportunities such as hiking, boating, and birdwatching to the community

~15%

of the land in the SuAsCo rivers watershed is covered by impervious surfaces such as roads, rooftops, and parking lots. This contributes to stormwater runoff and water pollution issues

>40%

of the land within the Sudbury, Assabet, and Concord rivers watershed is publicly accessible, providing endless opportunities for paddling, hiking, and wildlife exploration.

Wheeler Pond Dam Removal

North Brook Restoration

Reviving a Historic Waterway

PROJECT OVERVIEW

WHY REMOVE THE WHEELER POND DAM?

The Need for Removal

PUBLIC SAFETY

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION

CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

COMMUNITY AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE

SCOPE OF WORK

Key Restoration Efforts

DAM REMOVAL & HYDROLOGICAL RESTORATION

WETLAND AND STREAM HABITAT RESTORATION

SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL DOCUMENTATION

EXPECTED BENEFITS

Long-Term Advantages

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION

COMMUNITY & RECREATION

Regulatory Process & Project Approach

PERMITTING & COMPLIANCE

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED

TIMELINE & PARTNERSHIPS

STAY INVOLVED